ngā tūru huihuinga toa
Ko te hoko pae tūpāpaku he ratonga whakaritenga taputapu e pa ana ki ngā wāhi takaro, ngā hōtē, ngā hākari, me ngā kamupene hākari e rapu ana i ngā tohu noho kounga teitei ki ngā utu tautohe. Ko ēnei tūpāpaku motuhake e hono ana i te roa, te ataahua, me te arataki kia tutuki ai ngā herekanga nui o ngā taiao māngai parakuihi. Ko te mākeke tūpāpaku pae e tuku ana i tētahi haora whānui āhuatanga, ngā matērahi, me ngā whiringa e pai ai ngā whakaaro rereke me ngā herekanga whakahaere. Ko ngā ratonga tūpāpaku pae anamata e āki ana i ngā tātā taraiwa māma rānei, i te hiri rānei e tuku ana i te kaha tino kaumaha ake i te wā e mau ana, e tīmata ana, e whakaputangia ana. I te whanaketanga hangarau o ngā tikanga hanga, kua āhua ai ngā kaihanga ki te hanga tūpāpaku e taea ai te whakamahinga nui, te whakaputa, me te whakaputa kia kaua ai te papa waihanga e pakaru. Ko ngā kōwhiringa tuanui e kī ana i te vinara tino, te tapa rānei, ki ngā mata kiri, e katoa ana ki ngā raima kāore e pāhuare ana, e kati ana rānei i te ahi mō te haumārui ake me te roa o te wā. Kua uru ngā kaupapa arataki e noho pai ai te manuhiri i ngā wā roa e kai ana, e hui ana ana ki ia hua tūpāpaku pae. Ko ngā tūpāpaku e noho ana i ngā tūāpapa āhuahua me ngā tuarā e tuku ana i te tautoko tika mō te tuarā kei te wā e noho ana pea i ngā wā takotoranga. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te tūpāpaku ko te taea e te tūpāpaku te tuanui, kei te taea e te nuinga o ngā tūpāpaku pae te tuanui i te 8-10 tūpāpaku ki runga mō te whakaputa me te neke atu i te maroke. Ko ngā tikanga whakatuatoru poto me ngā tikanga honohono e āwhina ana i ngā tima whakahaere take ki te tīmata me te mutu poto. Ka taea te whakauru i ngā tae kia rite ai ngā wāhi ki ō rātou tohu rānei, kaupapa takirua rānei. Kāore i te mutu ki ngā whare takirua ngā whakamahinga mō ngā tūpāpaku pae, engari ko ngā pokapū hui, ngā wāhi mārena, ngā whare pakihi, ngā whare wananga, me ngā wāhi takaro waho hoki. Ko ngā tikanga whakamarie kounga e tiaki ana kia tutuki ai ia tūpāpaku i ngā kaitōrama mō te kapata wāhanga, e tautokotia ai te 300-400 pauna. Ko ngā momo kore e taea ana te wai e wātea ana mō ngā whakamahinga waho, e āki ana i ngā mata kua tiakina i te ao Māori me ngā matērahi kore e pāhuare ana e pupuri ana i te āhua me te mahi i ngā tikanga taiao katoa.